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INDIAN POLITY MOST COMMON QUESTIONS FOR ALL COMPETETIVE EXAMS

Posted by AshoK vemula Monday, June 25, 2012 1 comments



INDIAN POLITY MCQ
1.Total number of members in a Legislative Council should not exceed that of a Legislative Assembly ?
(a) 40182
(b) 40181
(c) 40212
(d) 40180
Answer: 40181
2. For those Union Territories, which have no Legislative Councils of their own, laws are passed by
(a) Parliament
(b) Appointed Administrator
(c) Union Ministry
(d) President
Answer: Parliament
3. The Rajya Sabha can be dissolved by
(a) Constitutional amendement
(b) President
(c) None of these
(d) Lok Sabha
Answer: None of these
4.  The first woman film star nominated/elected to the Rajya Sabha was
(a) Nargis Dutt
(b) Jayalalitha
(c) Vijayanthimala
(d) Hema Malini
Answer; Nargis Dutt
5. Which of the following bills cannot be introduced first in the Rajya Sabha ?
(a) Bills pertaining to the removal of the President by impeachment
(b) Bills pertaining to the powers of the Supreme Court ot State Judiciary
(c) Bills bringing a state under the President's Rule.
(d) Money Bills
Answer: Money Bills
6.  A party having 36 members will avoid disqualification under the provisions of the Anti Defection Law if the number of members crossing the floor is at least
(a) 12
(b) 18
(c) 8
(d) 9
Answer: 12
7.  Collective responsibility of the Cabinet was introduced in India by the
(a) Minto-Morley Reforms
(b) Independence Act, 1947
(c) Constitution of India
(d) Government of India Act, 1935
Answer: Constitution of India
8.  In which of the following systems of Government, can the Government be removed through no-confidence motion passed by the Parliament ?
(a) Federal
(b) Unitary
(c) Parliamentry
(d) Presidential
Answer; Parliamentry
9. An ordinance promulgated by the President
(a) Will lapse automatically after 2 months
(b) Will continue to be in force till is superseded by an Act of the Parliament
(c) Will automatically become a law after 6 months
(d) Will lapse on the expiration of 6 weeks from the meeting of the Parliament
Answer: Will lapse on the expiration of 6 weeks from the meeting of the Parliament
10. The President can promulgated an ordinance
(a) When there is a conflict between the two Houses regarding a particular bill
(b) When a bill passed by the Lok Sabha is not passed by the Rajya Sabha
(c) When both the Houses of the Parliament are not in session.
(d) When the Lok Sabha has been dissolved
Answer: When both the Houses of the Parliament are not in session.
11.  If a Minister of a state wants to resign, to whom he should address the letter of resignation ?
(a) Governor of the State
(b) Leader of his political party
(c) Chief Minister
(d) Speaker of Vidhan Sabha
Answer: Chief Minister
12. A member of Lok Sabha has to ask a question in the Parliament which has been listed as a starred question. To this he will be given
(a) No answer
(b) An immediate answer
(c) A written answer
(d) An oral answer
Answer; A written answer
13. Amongst the following for whose removal Parliament's resolution is not needed ?
(a) Judge of Supreme Court
(b) Comptroller and Auditor General
(c) Chief Election Commissioner
(d) Governor of a State
Answer: Judge of Supreme Court
14.  When the Governor receives a Bill passed by the State Legislative Assembly, which of the following courses would be most appropriate for the Governor as an agent of the Centre ?
(a) Exercise veto over the Bill
(b) Refer the Bill to the President
(c) Give assent to the Bill
(d) Keep the Bill pending
Answer: Refer the Bill to the President
15.  To which of the following Bills the President must accord his sanction without sending it back for fresh consideration ?
(a) Finance Bills
(b) Bill seeking Amendment to the Constitution
(c) Ordinary Bills
(d) Bills passed by both the Houses of the Parliament
Answer: Finance Bills
16. In the case of a conflict between the Centre and a State in respect of a subject included in the Concurrent List
(a) The law which had been passed first would prevail
(b) The Union Law prevails
(c) The State Law prevails
(d) The matter is resolved by the Supreme Court
Answer; The Union Law prevails
17. Who is the highest Law Officer of a state ?
(a) Attorney General
(b) Secretary General Law Department
(c) Solicitor General
(d) Advocate General
Answer: Advocate General
18.  What is zero hour ?
(a) When a Money Bill is introduced in the Lok Sabha
(b) When matters of utmost importance are raised
(c) When the proposals of the opposition are considered
(d) Interval between the morning and afternoon sessions
Answer: When matters of utmost importance are raised
19. The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha can be removed by a resolution
(a) None of these
(b) Passed by a simple majority of its total member present
(c) Passed by 2/3rd majority of its total members present
(d) Moved by Rajya Sabha but passed by Lok Sabha
Answer: Passed by a simple majority of its total member present
20. A Bill refferred to a joint sitting of the two Houses of the Parliament is to be passed by
(a) 3/4th majority
(b) Absolute majority of total membership
(c) A simple majority
(d) 2/3rd majority
Answer: A simple majority
21. Which of the following Bills was discussed in the Lok Sabha but was withdraw before it could be discussed in the Rajya Sabha ?
(a) Benami Transaction Bill
(b) Hill Council Bill
(c) Newspaper Employees Bill
(d) Defamation Bill
Answer: Defamation Bill
22. Which of the following has benned floor crossing by the members elected on a party ticket to the legislature ?
(a) National Security Act
(b) Maintenance of Internal Security Act
(c) 52nd Constitution Amendment Act
(d) People's Representation Act
Answer: 52nd Constitution Amendment Act
23.  As decided by the Government of India, a member of Parliament would get what amount of money to spend on development activities in his/her constituency ?
(a) Rs 1 crore
(b) Rs 2 crore
(c) Rs 1 lakh
(d) Rs 10 lakh
Answer: Rs 1 crore
24. The maximum strength of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha respectively is
(a) 500 and 250
(b) 537 and 275
(c) 525 and 238
(d) 545 and 250
Answer: 545 and 250
25. Anglo Indian representatives in the Lok Sabha are nominated in terms of the Article
(a) 80
(b) 333
(c) 370
(d) 331
Answer: 331
26. The question of disqualification of a member of the State Legislature shall be decided by
(a) The Governor in consultation with the Election Commission
(b) State Legislative Assembly
(c) The Governor in consultation with the President
(d) State Legislative Council
Answer: The Governor in consultation with the Election Commission
27. The Union President can directly disallow a State Legislation
(a) In case of any bill
(b) Both (b) and ( c ) above
(c) In case of money bills
(d) In case of bills reserved by the Governor for President's assent
Answer: In case of bills reserved by the Governor for President's assent 
28. Who among the following has the final power to maintain order within the House of People ?
(a) Speaker
(b) Chief of Security Staff
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Marshal of the House
Answer: Speaker
29.  Who among the following fixes the salaries and the allowances of the Speaker of Lok Sabha ?
(a) Council of Ministers
(b) Cabinet
(c) Parliament
(d) President
Answer: Parliament
30. When the Lok Sabha is dissolved, the Speaker continues in office till a new
(a) Government is formed
(b) Speaker is elected when the new House meets
(c) Lok Sabha is formed
(d) Speaker is appointed by the President
Answer: Speaker is elected when the new House meets
31. If a member of Parliament voluntarily acquires the citizenship of a foreign country,
(a) He will be penalized
(b) He will have a choice of renouncing either
(c) He will continue to be a member of Parliament
(d) He will be disqualified from membership
Answer: He will be disqualified from membership
32. Which of the following is also called the House of Elders ?
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Vidhan Sabha
(c) Rajya Sabha
(d) Gram Sabha
Answer; Lok Sabha
33. The Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament is appointed by
(a) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(b) Finance Minister
(c) Prime Minister
(d) President
Answer: Speaker of Lok Sabha
34. Who among the following is a legal advisor of the State Government as provided by the Constitution ?
(a) Attorney General
(b) Public Prosecutor
(c) Solicitor General
(d) Advocate General
Answer: Public Prosecutor
35. Members of the Union Public Service Commission can function as members upto the age of
(a) 58 years
(b) 65 years
(c) 62 years
(d) 60 years
Answer: 60 years
36. The rank of the different Ministers in the Union Council of Ministers is determined by the
(a) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(b) President
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Cabinet Secretary
Answer: President
37. The Legislative Council in a state can be created or disbanded by the
(a) State Legislative Assembly alone
(b) President on recommendation of the Governor
(c) Parliament alone
(d) Parliament on recommendation of the State Legislature
Answer: State Legislative Assembly alone
38. The maximum number of Anglo Indians who can be nominated to the Lok Sabha are
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 2
Answer: 2
39. In the case of disagreement on a Bill, in the two Houses of Parliament
(a) A special Parliamentary Committee is formed to resolve the situation.
(b) The President casts a deciding vote.
(c) The Prime Minister intervenes.
(d) A joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament is convened
Answer; A joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament is convened
40. What is the maximum number of elected members in a State Assembly ?
(a) 500
(b) 600
(c) 250
(d) 300
Answer: 500
41.  Which of the following is not correct regarding a Money Bill ?
(a) It can be passed by the Lok Sabha even if the Rajya Sabha rejects it.
(b) It requires the prior approval of the President.
(c) It is deemed to have been passed by both Houses if it is not returned by the Rajya Sabha within 14 days.
(d) It can be introduced in either House of Parliament
Answer: It can be introduced in either House of Parliament
42.  Which parliamentary committee in India is normally chaired by a prominent member of the Opposition ?
(a) Estimates Committee
(b) Privileges Committee
(c) Public Accounts Committee
(d) Committee on Government Assurances
Answer: Public Accounts Committee
43.  Who presides over the Lok Sabha if neither the Speaker nor the Deputy Speaker is available ?
(a) A member of the House of People appointed by the President
(b) The senior most member of the Rajya Sabha.
(c) A member chosen by Council of Ministers.
(d) The senior most member of the Lok Sabha.
Answer; The senior most member of the Lok Sabha.
44. Who is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha ?
(a) President
(b) Leader of Opposition
(c) Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
(d) Vice- President
Answer: Vice- President
45. When a bill passed by Parliament is sent to the President for his assent, which option is not true to him ?
(a) He may return it to Parliament for reconsideration .
(b) He may amend it.
(c) He may decline to sign it
(d) He may sign it
Answer: He may decline to sign it
46. The Union Territories get representation in
(a) Rajya Sabha
(b) None of these
(c) Both Houses of Parliament
(d) Lok Sabha
Answer; Both Houses of Parliament
47. The Secretary General of the Lok Sabha Who is the Chief of its Secretariat is
(a) Elected by both Houses of Parliament
(b) Appointed by the President
(c) Appointed by the Speaker
(d) Elected by the Lok Sabha
Answer: Appointed by the Speaker
48. The Joint Parliament Committee to examine irregularities and fraudulent manipulations of the Securities Scam consists of
(a) 15 members of Lok Sabha and 15 of Rajya Sabha
(b) 30 members of Lok Sabha and 30 of Rajya Sabha
(c) 20 members of Lok Sabha and 10 of Rajya Sabha
(d) 25 members of Lok Sabha and 15 of Rajya Sabha
Answer: 20 members of Lok Sabha and 10 of Rajya Sabha
49. How many members of the Rajya Sabha are nominated by the President of India ?
(a) 13
(b) 12
(c) 10
(d) 11
Answer: 12
50. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha may be removed from his office, if the House of the People passes a resolution to this effect by
(a) Absolute majority of all the then members of the House
(b) Simple majority of members present and voting and absolute majority of all the then members of the House
(c) 2/3rd majority of members present and voting.
(d) Simple majority of members present and voting
Answer: Absolute majority of all the then members of the House 
51. In the case of a deadlock between the two Houses of the Parliament, the joint sitting is presided over by the
(a) Member of the Lok Sabha specifically elected for the purpose
(b) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(c) President
(d) Vice- President
Answer: Speaker of Lok Sabha
52. The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is
(a) Nominated by the President
(b) Elected by Parliament and State Legislatures jointly
(c) Elected by members of both Houses of Parliament
(d) Elected by the members of Rajya Sabha
Answer: Elected by members of both Houses of Parliament
53. The time gap between two sessions of the Parliament should not exceed
(a) 3 months
(b) 1 year
(c) 9 months
(d) 6 months
Answer: 6 months
54. Joint sittings of the two Houses of Parliament are held to
(a) Elect the President of India
(b) Adopt a Constitution amending Bill
(c) Elect the Vice President of India
(d) Consider and pass a bill on which two Houses disagree
Answer: Consider and pass a bill on which two Houses disagree
55. One third of the members of the Rajya Sabha retire after every
(a) Second year
(b) Fifth year
(c) One year
(d) Third year
Answer: Second year
 56. A money bill passed by the Lok Sabha has to be passed by Rajya Sabha within
(a) 3 months
(b) 14 days
(c) 21 days
(d) 1 month
Answer: 14 days
57. Which of the following is not a Standing Committee of the Parliament ?
(a) Estimates Committee
(b) Committee on Public Undertakings
(c) Committee on Welfare of SC's and ST's
(d) Committee on Public Accounts
Answer: Committee on Public Accounts 
58. For raising Half-an-Hour discussion in a House of Parliament, a notice in writing has to be given to the
(a) Secretary of Department of Parliamentary Affairs
(b) Minister concerned
(c) Secretary General of the House
(d) Presiding Officer of the House
Answer; Secretary General of the House
59. What is the minimum age for election / appointment as member of the Rajya Sabha ?
(a) 25 years
(b) 40 years
(c) 30 years
(d) 35 years
Answer: 30 years
60. Parliament of India is composed of
(a) Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and President
(b) Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
(c) Lok Sabha only
(d) Rajya Sabha only
Answer: Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and President
61.  Maximum number of M.P.s from backward communities are elected from which state ?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Bihar
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Nagaland
Answer: Bihar
62.  In Parliamentary government, Ministers remain in office so long as they enjoy
(a) Confidence of the popular chamber of legislature
(b) Popular support
(c) Confidence of the upper house of the legislature
(d) Support of the armed forces
Answer; Confidence of the popular chamber of legislature
63. A bill for alteration of boundaries of states shall not be introduced in the Parliament without the recommendation of
(a) The legislatures of the states concerned
(b) President
(c) The presiding officers of both Houses of Parliament
(d) Supreme Court
Answer: The legislatures of the states concerned
64. What type of Party system has been evolved in India ?
(a) Single Party
(b) Party less
(c) Bi- party
(d) Multi - Party
Answer: Multi - Party
64. Amongst the questions allowed by the Speaker, which one is regarded as the most important ?
(a) Starred
(b) Supplementary
(c) Short Notice
(d) Unstarred
Answer: Short Notice
66. When can the Speaker exercise his right to vote in the House ?
(a) Whenever the House desires
(b) Whenever his party directs
(c) Only in the event of equality of votes
(d) Whenever he desires
Answer; Only in the event of equality of votes
67. According to the Constitution of India the maximum number of members representing the Union Territories in the Lok Sabha cannot exceed
(a) 20
(b) 25
(c) 10
(d) 15
Answer: 20
68. The Government has set up a high power Committee of 20 members of Lok Sabha and 10 members of Rajya Sabha to examine
(a) Securities scam
(b) Sharing of river water
(c) Protection of Human rights
(d) Protection of environment
Answer: Securities scam
69. In the absence of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, who presides over the deliberations of the Lok Sabha ?
(a) Oldest members of the House
(b) One of the members of the House out of a panel of six persons nominated by the Speaker
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Home Minister
Answer: One of the members of the House out of a panel of six persons nominated by the Speaker
70. What is the minimum age for being the member of the Parliament ?
(a) 45 years
(b) 50 years
(c) None of these
(d) 40 yearAnswer; None of these
71. Which of the following non-members of Parliament has the right to address it ?
(a) Chief Election Commissioner
(b) Comptroller and Auditor General
(c) Attorney General of India
(d) Solicitor- General of India
Answer: Attorney General of India
72. How many members of the Lok Sabha must support a motion of no confidence in the government, before it can be admitted by the Speaker ?
(a) 50
(b) 35
(c) 20
(d) 25
Answer: 50
73. The Constitution of India does not mentioned the post of
(a) The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
(b) The Deputy Speaker of the State Legislative Assemblies.
(c) The Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(d) The Deputy Prime Minister
Answer: The Deputy Prime Minister
74. To be a member of the Lok Sabha a person has to be
(a) 25 years
(b) 21 years
(c) 27 years
(d) 30 years
Answer; 25 years
75. Appointment of the members of the Council of Ministers is made by the President
(a) In his own discretion
(b) On the advice of the Chief Justice of Supreme Court
(c) On the advice of the Vice- President
(d) On the advice of the Prime Minister
Answer: On the advice of the Prime Minister
76. Who administers the oath of office to the President ?
(a) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(b) Vice President
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Chief Justice of India
Answer: Chief Justice of India
77. The members of the State Legislative Assembly are elected for what period ?
(a) 2 years
(b) 4 years
(c) 6 years
(d) 5 years
Answer: 5 years
78. Criterion for a regional party to be recognised as a national party is
(a) To get 1/10th of the seats in the Parliament
(b) To be recognised in at least 4 states
(c) To be recognised in at least 3 states
(d) To get 1/10th of the seats in Lok Sabha
Answer: To be recognised in at least 4 states
79. Money Bill can be introduced in
(a) Either Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha
(b) None of these
(c) Lok Sabha only
(d) Rajya Sabha only
Answer: Lok Sabha only
80. Who among the following decides whether particular bill is a Money Bill or not ?
(a) Finance Minister
(b) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(c) President
(d) Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Answer: Speaker of Lok Sabha
81. Which of the following states does not have a bicameral legislature ?
(a) Karnataka
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Bihar
Answer: Rajasthan


82. Parliament or a State Legislature can declare a seat vacant if a member absents himself without permission from the session for
(a) 60 days
(b) 120 days
(c) 30 days
(d) 90 days
Answer; 60 days
83. Who presides over the meetings of the Rajya Sabha ?
(a) President
(b) Speaker
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Vice - President
Answer: Vice - President
84. A candidate to become a member of the Rajya Sabha should not be less than
(a) 25 years
(b) 35 years
(c) 30 years
(d) 21 years
Answer: 30 years
85. Public Accounts Committee is a
(a) Select Committee of Lok Sabha
(b) Joint Committee of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
(c) Standing Committee of Rajya Sabha
(d) Sub Committee
Answer: Standing Committee of Rajya Sabha
86. The Rajya Sabha has a life of
(a) 7 years
(b) Permanency
(c) 2 years
(d) 6 years
Answer; Permanency
87. The Governor is appointed by the
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Chief Justice
(c) President
(d) Prime Minister
Answer: President
88. The budget is presented to the Parliament on
(a) The last day of March
(b) 1st April
(c) The last day of February
(d) 15th March
Answer; The last day of February
89. The term of Lok Sabha is normally
(a) 5 years
(b) 2 years
(c) 4 years
(d) 6 years
Answer: 5 years
90. The Constitution provides for the nomination to the Lok Sabha two members belonging to the community of
(a) Syrian Christians
(b) Scheduled Castes
(c) Parsis
(d) Anglo-Indians
Answer; Anglo-Indians
91. The legislative powers are vested in the
(a) President
(b) Governor
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Parliament
Answer: Parliament
92. Which authority recommends the principles governing the grants-in-aid of the revenues of the 
states out of the Consolidated Fund of India ?
(a) Public Accounts Committee
(b) Inter State Council
(c) Union Ministry of Finance
(d) Finance Commission
Answer; Finance Commission
93. Which are the two States (other than U.P.) having maximum representation in Lok Sabha ?
(a) Bihar and Madhya Pradesh
(b) Bihar and Tamil Nadu
(c) Bihar and Andhra Pradesh
(d) Bihar and Maharashtra
Answer: Bihar and Maharashtra
94. The term of the Lok Sabha
(a) Can be extended for another full term of 5 years.
(b) Can be extended for an unlimited period
(c) Can be extended by 1 year at a time
(d) Cannot be extended
Answer; Can be extended by 1 year at a time
95. How many times can the passed by Parliament ?
(a) Twice
(b) Never
(c) Thrice
(d) Once
Answer: Once
96. Vote on Account means legislative vote
(a) On the Appropriation Bill
(b) On the Finance Bill
(c) Authorising expenditure in respect of demands for grants pending the passing of the Appropriation Act
(d) In respect of the report of audit and accounts submitted by the Comptroller and Auditor General
Answer: Authorising expenditure in respect of demands for grants pending the passing of the Appropriation Act
97. Which of the following committees does not consist of any member from the Rajya Sabha?
(a) Estimates Committee
(b) Committee on Public Undertakings
(c) Public Accounts Committee
(d) Public Grievances Committee
Answer: Estimates Committee
98. Recognition to a political party is accorded by
(a) The Election Commission
(b) A Committee of Whips
(c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha in the legislative assemblies in the case of regional parties
(d) The Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
Answer; The Election Commission
99. The Chairman of Public Accounts Committee is
(a) Appointed by Speaker
(b) Elected by members of PAC
(c) Elected by Union Cabinet
(d) Appointed by President
Answer: Appointed by Speaker
100.  A Party in India in order to be recognised as official opposition in the Indian Parliament should have least how many seats ?
(a) 1/6th
(b) 1/10th
(c) 1/3rd
(d) 1/4th
Answer: 1/10th

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NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS FROM INDIA

Posted by AshoK vemula Friday, May 07, 2010 2 comments

Nobel Prize winners from India are with due respect enlisted below, these are great people from India who showed the world the untapped potential India has, even though it may not have facilities and luxuries at par with the likes of USA,Britain and other big social economies but the talent, hard work and skill here is unfathomed.

VENKATRAMAN RAMAKRISHNAN Born in 1952 in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India, he is a U.S. citizen. Indian origin senior scientist at the MRC Laborartory of Molecular Biology at Cambridge, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2009 along with two others. The Nobel Committee announced on Wednesday that the Tamil Nadu born Ramakrishnan shares the Nobel Prize with Thomas E Steitz (US) and Ada E Yonath (Israel) for their “studies of the structure and function of the ribosome”. Ramakrishnan graduated in B.Sc. in Physics from Baroda University in 1971 and did Ph.D. in Physics in 1976 from Ohio University.“This year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A Steitz and Ada E Yonath for having showed what the ribosome looks like and how it functions at the atomic level,” the Nobel committee said. All three have used a method called X-ray crystallography to map the position for each and every one of the hundreds of thousands of atoms that make up the ribosome, it said. “This year’s three Laureates have all generated 3D models that show how different antibiotics bind to the ribosome. These models are now used by scientists to develop new antibiotics, directly assisting the saving of lives and decreasing humanity’s suffering,” the citation said.


 AMARTYA SEN (b-1933) : Prof. Amartya Sen is the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Economics for the year 1998, becoming the first Asian to have been honored with the award. The Santiniketan-born economist who is a pioneer in Welfare Economics has to his credit several books and papers on aspects of welfare and development. An economist with a difference,     Prof. Sen is a humanist. He has distinguished himself with his outstanding writings on famine, poverty, democracy, gender and social issues. The ‘impossibility theorem’ suggested earlier by Kenneth Arrow states that it was not possible to aggregate individual choices into a satisfactory choice for society as a whole. Prof. Sen showed mathematically that  societies could find ways to alleviate such a poor outcome.





SUBRAMANIAN CHANDRASHEKAR (1910-1995) : The Nobel Prize for Physics in 1983 was awarded to Dr S. Chandrashekar, an Indian-born astrophysicist. Educated in Presidency College, Chennai, Dr. Chandrashekar happened to be the nephew of his Nobel forbear, Sir C.V. Raman. He later migrated to the United States where he authored several books on Astrophysics and Stellar Dynamics. He developed a theory on white dwarf stars which posts a limit of mass of dwarf stars known also as Chandrashekar Limit. His theory explains the final stages of stellar evolution.






MOTHER TERESA (1910-1997) : The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Mother Teresa in 1979. Albanian parentage, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born at Skopje, now in Yogoslavia. She joined the Irish order of the Sisters of Loretto at Dublin in 1928 and came to Kolkata in 1929 as a missionary, only to find the misery of the abandoned and the destitute. Concern for the poor and the sick prompted her to found a new congregation, Missionaries of Charity. Having become an Indian citizen, Mother Teresa served the cause of dying destitute’s, lepers and drug addicts, through Nirmal Hriday (meaning Pure Heart), the main centre of her activity. Her selfless service and unique devotion, not only to helpless fellow-Indians but also to the cause of world peace, earned her and India the first Nobel Peace Prize.



HARGOBIND KHORANA (b. 1922) : Hargobind Khorana was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1968. Of Indian origin, Dr Khorana was born in Raipur, Punjab (now in Pakistan). He took his doctoral degree in Chemistry from Liverpool University and joined the University of Wisconsin as a Faculty Member in 1960. His major breakthrough in the field of Medicine—interpreting the genetic code and analyzing its function in protein synthesis—fetched him the Nobel Prize.






CHANDRASHEKAR VENKATARAMAN (1888-1970) : India’s first Nobel Prize for Physics was claimed in 1930 by the renowned physicist Sir C.V. Raman. Born at Thiruvanaikkaval near  iruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu, Raman studied at Presidency College, Chennai. Later, he served as Professor of Physics at Calcutta University. Recipient of many honors and awards, including the title of ‘Sir’, Sir C.V. Raman received the Nobel Prize for an important optics  research, in which he discovered that diffused light contained rays of other wavelengths—what is now popularly known as Raman Effect. His theory discovered in 1928 explains the change in the frequency of light passing through a transparent medium.




 
RABINDRANATH TAGORE (1861-1941) : Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian ever to receive a Nobel Prize. Popularly known as Gurudev, India’s Poet Laureate Tagore was born on 7 May 1861 in Kolkata. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in recognition of his work Geetanjali, a  collection of poems, in 1913. Tagore wrote many love lyrics. Geetanjali and Sadhana are among his important works. The poet, dramatist and novelist is also the author of India’s National Anthem. In 1901 he founded the famous Santiniketan which later came to be known as Vishwabharati University.

Earth Day-2010,APRIL22-A Day to Celebrate Earth

Posted by AshoK vemula Thursday, April 22, 2010 0 comments


A Day to Celebrate Earth

Earth Day is the largest, most widely celebrated international environmental event. Earth Day helps celebrate Earth’s unique place in the universe. It is the only planet in our solar system teeming with incredible biodiversity. Learning about and protecting this biodiversity is what Earth Day is all about. People all over the world celebrate our efforts to protect plants and animals and to clean up the world we live in. Most people celebrate Earth Day on April 22nd each year. In some countries, it is celebrated a month earlier on thevernal equinox.
Countries all over the world celebrate Earth Day in different ways. China created a stamp to commemorate Earth Day and the planet.
Countries all over the world celebrate Earth Day in different ways. China created a stamp to commemorate Earth Day and the planet.
©XA Business

The First Earth Day

Senator Gaylord Nelson of the United States founded Earth Day. Earth Day was first celebrated on April 22, 1970 in the United States. Across the United States, 20 million people and thousands of local schools and communities participated in the first Earth Day. The huge turnout for the first Earth Day made it the largest organized celebration in the history of the United States. Earth Day’s success helped influence the government of the United States to create stronger laws to protect the environment.
Demonstrations are one way people voice their opinions about environmental practices and laws they disagree with.
Demonstrations are one way people voice their opinions about environmental practices and laws they disagree with. These people are protesting old-growth logging in an ancient forest in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
©G.Ellis/GLOBIO.org

Earth Day Goes International

On March 21, 1971, United Nations(UN) Secretary-General U Thant made Earth Day an international celebration. He spoke about it at a Peace Bell Ceremony at the United Nations in New York City. The United Nations Earth Day ceremony continues each year on the day of the vernal equinox (March 20th or 21st), with the ringing of the UN Peace Bell at the very moment of theequinox.

A Turnout of 200 Million!

In 1990, the first official International Earth Day was celebrated. About 200 million people from 141 nations took part in a celebration of environmental conservation. In many countries, the global event reminded presidents and other national leaders how important protecting Earth is to people.

A Summit to Save the Planet

Many of these leaders later took part in the first United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. At the summit, global problems such as climate change and the worldwide loss ofindigenous cultures and wild species were discussed.

Why Celebrate Earth Day?

Earth Day reminds us we all share the same planet. Sharing Earth means taking responsibility for what we use and how we use it. It is a day to think of the environmental challenges we face and how to solve them. Protecting Earth is every person’s and every country’s responsibility.

Parties All Around the Globe

People traditionally celebrate Earth Day with the ringing of bells, often bells of peace. The tradition of bell ringing is practiced all over the world on Earth Day. Representatives from Palestine, Austria, and Russia have all rung a Peace Bell in a ceremony celebrating the protection of the environment and of Earth’s many species.
Children in India put on this “Save the Earth” skit to celebrate the planet and to raise environmental awareness.
Children in India put on this “Save the Earth” skit to celebrate the planet and to raise environmental awareness.
©Sunny Brook Playhome

A Rally in India

In India, one Earth Day was celebrated by approximately 1,200 kids. They held a rally during which they carried signs with slogans and messages about preserving all of nature. The children also performed skits about the environment. The India Habitat Center held painting and quiz competitions. At other events, kids presented a “Children’s Clean Air Manifesto” to the president’s wife. Then they held a Children’s Bicycle Rally to promote nonpolluting forms of transportation.
In Kenya, Earth Day is celebrated along with the country’s National Tree Planting Day.
In Kenya, Earth Day is celebrated along with the country’s National Tree Planting Day. Citizens and students plant trees in order to preserve forests and keep the environment clean.
©G.Ellis/GLOBIO.org

More Trees for Kenya

In Kenya, distinguished guests and schoolchildren planted 1,000 trees in Nairobi’s endangered Karura forest. The plantings were in honor of Earth Day and Kenya’s National Tree Planting Day on April 21.
Field trips and outdoor projects are a great way to learn more about Earth, your environment, and all the interesting things that live there.
Field trips and outdoor projects are a great way to learn more about Earth, your environment, and all the interesting things that live there.
©K.Feng/GLOBIO.org

Theme Parties in China

China celebrates Earth Day each year with a theme. One year the theme was Protection of Geographic Relics and Scientific Development. This theme highlighted the importance of preserving cultural history and artifacts. Another year the theme focused on sustainableuse of natural resources in China and all over the world.
Thorny devil lizards are one of the many unusual Australian wildlife species that depend on the mallee wilderness of Yellabinna to survive.
Thorny devil lizards are one of the many unusual Australian wildlife species that depend on the mallee wilderness of Yellabinna to survive.
©G.Ellis/GLOBIO.org

Earth Day Down Under

In Australia, a group dressed in animal costumes held a parade in which they carried flags and banners in support of protecting Yellabinna (yell-uh-BEE-nah), the world’s largest stretch of mallee wilderness. Another Earth Day celebration drew attention to air pollution by organizing a large “car-less” day. Many central Sydney streets were blocked off to cars. These car-free streets became the site of an Earth Day festival with music, theater, and educational exhibits.

Join the Earth Day Party

United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan rings the peace bell at a Peace Bell Ringing Ceremony.
United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan rings the peace bell at a Peace Bell Ringing Ceremony.
©E.Debebe/UN.org
Come join the party with millions of other kids and celebrate your Earth! Earth Day celebrations provide a chance to remember what an amazing planet we live on.
How have you celebrated Earth Day in the past? If you or your class has a great story, tell GLOBIO so that your story can be shared with kids around the world on Earth Day Everyday.

Making Earth-friendly Choices

There are many different things each of us can do to help protect species, keep Earth clean, and fix damage that has been done. For example, using fewer natural resources will help make sure there are enough resources to go around. It will also help make sure that future generations won’t run out of the things we all need, like clean water, air, and soil.

A Hole in Our Safety Zone

This is a mapping spectrometer image of the hole in the ozone layer above Antarctica
Scientists are worried about air pollution and its effects on the ozone layer. They use special technology and tools to carefully watch the hole that has developed over Antarctica. This is a mapping spectrometer image of the hole in the ozone layer above Antarctica.
©NASA
When we don’t use resources in a responsible way, we may create pollution that can damage water, soil, air, and other parts of the environment. For instance, certain types of air pollution have already created a hole in our planet’s ozone layer. The ozone layer is part of theatmosphere. It is made up of a special gas called ozone. The ozone layer helps keep us safe from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays.
Most scientists believe that as more air pollution is made, the ozone layer will become thinner and more holes will develop. This will allow even more ultraviolet rays to reach Earth. A thinner ozone layer may result in harm to people, animals, and plants.
At the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust in Kenya in Africa, orphaned baby rhinoceroses and elephants are raised by keepers.
Conservation of endangered species is an important part of Earth Day and taking care of the planet every day. At the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust in Kenya in Africa, orphaned baby rhinoceroses and elephants are raised by keepers. Eventually, they are released back into their wild habitat.
©G.Ellis/GLOBIO.org

Protecting Endangered Species

Along with pollution, things like habitatdestruction and poaching are causing some species to become endangered. Finding ways to protect and save endangered species is a primary goal of conservation groups. Earth Day celebrations are a great opportunity for these groups to teach us all about the planet and how every person can make a difference.

Think Globally, Act Locally

More cities around the world are making streets, roads, and special paths just for bicycles and pedestrians.
More cities around the world are making streets, roads, and special paths just for bicycles and pedestrians. On special days each week, month, or year, many cities close some of their roads to cars and other vehicles in order to promote walking and bicycle riding.
©G.George
Earth Day isn’t the only day when the world can and should celebrate the planet we all share. In fact, at GLOBIO we believe Earth Day Everyday should be theway to live.
Here are a few ways you can help Earth every day.
  • Walk or ride a bicycle to school, the park, or the store. Encourage your parents to walk or ride to work, too. This is a great way to help reduce the pollution created by cars, trucks, buses, trains, and airplanes.
  • Plant trees. Trees help keep the air clean.
  • Do not litter. Pick up litter on the sidewalk, street, beach, or riverbank. This will help keep the environment free ofcontaminants.
  • Create a compost pile for food scraps and plant waste from the garden. This is a good way to cut down on the amount of trash that goes into a landfill. As a bonus, compost helps create rich soil for gardening.
  • Recycle! Recycling is an important part of keeping Earth clean. It is very easy to do. By giving old things a new life we put less pressure on important resources all of us will need in the future to survive.

Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

Understanding how long something takes to decompose in a garbage dump or landfill can help motivate all of us to reuse and recycle everything we can. The best thing any of us can do for the environment is to rethink the way we use things and to use less. The fewer resources and products we use, the less stuff there is to throw away and recycle. Can you guess how long it takes the things we use everyday to turn into soil in a landfill? Click below to find the answers.
Did You Know?
Did You Know?
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Most things that are thrown away in an average bag of trash can be recycled. Open this picture and move your mouse around the sorted piles of trash to learn what can be recycled instead of thrown away.